A G-protein pathway determines grain size in rice

                11.878
                Shengyuan Sun, Lei Wang, Hailiang Mao, Lin Shao, Xianghua Li, Jinghua Xiao, Yidan Ouyang, Qifa Zhang
                Nature Communications, 2018, 9 : 851  DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03141-y;      追溯原文......本站官方QQ群:62473826
                National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.

                Manipulating grain size is an effective strategy for increasing cereal yields. Here we identify a pathway composed of five subunits of the heterotrimeric G proteins that regulate grain length in rice. The Gβ protein is essential for plant survival and growth. Gα provides a foundation for grain size expansion. Three Gγ proteins, DEP1, GGC2 and GS3, antagonistically regulate grain size. DEP1 and GGC2, individually or in combination, increase grain length when in complex with Gβ. GS3, having no effect on grain size by itself, reduces grain length by competitively interacting with Gβ. By combining different G-protein variants, we can decrease grain length by up to 35% or increase it by up to 19%, which leads to over 40% decreasing to 28% increasing of grain weight. The wide existence of such a conserved system among angiosperms suggests a possible general predictable approach to manipulating grain/organ sizes.

                G蛋白途徑?jīng)Q定水稻籽粒大小

                操控籽粒大小是提高谷物產(chǎn)量的有效策略。本文我們確定了一條由異三聚體G蛋白的5個亞基組成的調(diào)節(jié)水稻粒長的途徑。Gβ蛋白是植物生存和生長所必需的,Gα為籽粒大小的擴展提供了基礎。三種Gγ蛋白DEP1、GGC2和GS3拮抗性調(diào)節(jié)籽粒大小。
                  最新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),水稻G蛋白α、β和γ亞基均參與水稻種子大小的協(xié)同調(diào)控。水稻中共存在三個非典型G蛋白γ亞基GS3、DEP1和GGC2,它們由于蛋白C端結(jié)構域的變異導致其功能分化。其中DEP1和GGC2的C端結(jié)構域介導G蛋白的信號傳導,其功能的發(fā)揮依賴G蛋白β亞基RGB1和α亞基RGA1,能增加粒長。GS3本身對籽粒大小沒有影響,通過與Gβ的競爭作用來縮短粒長。GS3在G蛋白信號途徑中扮演剎車的作用:通過N端結(jié)構域競爭結(jié)合RGB1,從而抑制DEP1/GGC2的下游信號,進而負調(diào)控粒長和粒重;通過C端結(jié)構域調(diào)節(jié)自身蛋白的穩(wěn)定性,從而準確控制參與競爭結(jié)合RGB1的GS3蛋白水平,達到對這個系統(tǒng)的精確調(diào)控。
                  基于三個Gγ蛋白的協(xié)同互作方式和調(diào)控機制,可以對GS3、DEP1以及GGC2的不同等位基因組合進行操作,可以實現(xiàn)粒長從降低35%到增加19%,粒重從降低40%到增加28%范圍內(nèi)不同程度的精準調(diào)控,提高水稻的外觀品質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量,對水稻的遺傳改良具有重要的利用價值。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的G蛋白調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡在禾本科作物中高度保守,可應用于玉米、小麥、高粱和小米等多種禾谷類作物的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)改良。此外,G蛋白正向信號途徑在雙子葉植物也同樣保守,可用于馬鈴薯、番茄和大豆等雙子葉作物的遺傳改良和育種。


                基因列表
                  異三聚體G蛋白α亞基; 矮稈基因 D1; RGA1; D89
                  異三聚體G蛋白γ亞基; 粒長粒重主效控制基因; 耐熱性; 花柱長度 GS3; TT2; OsSYL3
                  異三聚體G蛋白γ亞基; 直立型密穗基因; 直立穗基因 OsDEP1; DN1; qPE9-1; qNGR9
                  異三聚體G蛋白β亞基 OsRGB1
                  異三聚體G蛋白γ亞基 OsGGC2
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