Increasing crop yield is a major challenge for modern agriculture. The development of new plant types, which is known as ideal plant architecture (IPA), has been proposed as a means to enhance rice yield potential over that of existing high-yield varieties. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a semidominant quantitative trait locus, IPA1 (Ideal Plant Architecture 1), which profoundly changes rice plant architecture and substantially enhances rice grain yield. The IPA1 quantitative trait locus encodes OsSPL14 (SOUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 14) and is regulated by microRNA (miRNA) OsmiR156 in vivo. We demonstrate that a point mutation in OsSPL14 perturbs OsmiR156-directed regulation of OsSPL14, generating an 'ideal' rice plant with a reduced tiller number, increased lodging resistance and enhanced grain yield. Our study suggests that OsSPL14 may help improve rice grain yield by facilitating the breeding of new elite rice varieties.
提高作物產(chǎn)量是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)面臨的一大挑戰(zhàn)。選育理想株型（IPA）的品種，被認(rèn)為是提高水稻產(chǎn)量潛力的一種手段。本文，我們報(bào)告了一個(gè)半顯性數(shù)量性狀基因位點(diǎn)IPA1（理想株型）的克隆和特性分析，它深刻地改變了水稻植株結(jié)構(gòu)，顯著提高了水稻產(chǎn)量。IPA1編碼OsSPL14（SOUAMOSA啟動(dòng)子結(jié)合蛋白），在體內(nèi)受微RNA OsmiR156調(diào)控。我們證明，OsSPL14的點(diǎn)突變干擾了OsmiR156對(duì)OsSPL14的定向調(diào)節(jié)，產(chǎn)生一個(gè)“理想”的水稻植株，分蘗數(shù)減少，抗倒伏能力增強(qiáng)，糧食產(chǎn)量提高。我們的研究表明，OsSPL14能有助于培育出優(yōu)良水稻新品種，從而提高水稻產(chǎn)量。